Wednesday 2 November 2016

Importance of Education for Girls

There is no valid argument by which the exclusion of the female sex from the privilege of education can be defended. It is argued that women have their domestic duties to perform, and that, if they were educated, they would bury themselves in their books and have little time for attending to the management of their households.

It is the height of selfishness for men, who fully appreciate in their own case the great advantage of a good education, to deny these advantages to women. Of course it is possible for women, as it is for men, to neglect necessary work in order to spare more time for reading sensational novels. But women are no more liable to this temptation than men, and most women would be able to do their household work all the better for being able to refresh their minds in the intervals of leisure with a little reading. Nay, education would even help them in the performance of the narrowest sphere of womanly duty.

For education involves knowledge of the means by which health may be preserved and improved, and enables a mother to consult such modern books as will tell her how to rear up her children into healthy men and women and skilfully nurse them and her husband when disease attacks her household. Without education she will be not unlikely to listen with fatal results to the advice of supersitious quacks, who pretend to work wounders by charms and magic.

But according to a higher conception of women's sphere, women ought to be something more than a household drudge. She ought to be able not merely to nurse her husband in sickness, but also to be his companion in health. For this part of her wifely duty education is necessary, for ther cannot well be congenial companionship between an educated man and an uneducated wife, who can converse with her husband on no higher subjects than cookery and servant's wages. Also one of a mother's highest duties is the education of her children at the time when their mind is most amenable to instruction. A child's whole future life, to a large extent, depends on the teaching it receives in early childhood, and it is needless to say, that this first foundation of education cannot be well laid by an ignorant mother. On all these ground, female education is a vital necessity.

Causes & Effects Essay: Teenage Sexual Intercourse

Cause & Effect Essay: Teenage Sexual Intercourse

The statistics that accompany knowledge of teenage sexual intercourse are fairly alarming for many people. According to a recent University of Kentucky study, 13% of teenagers have sex before the age of fifteen, and by the age of nineteen, 7/10 teens have had their first sexual encounter. What makes this even more alarming for North Americans, is that European teen are more likely to use contraceptives. That means that teens in Canada and the U.S. have increased risks of pregnancy and contracting sexually transmitted infections. These effects are fairly well known when speaking of teenage sexual intercourse, but what causes teens to start sex so early to begin with? And what preventative measures can be taken to reduce the likelihood of teens having sex?
There is no one cause for teens experimenting with sex. Often an array of factors can lead teens to initiate their first sexual experience. A lack of awareness of the consequences of sex is one such factor, as is improper communication between parents and children. Many teens believe that their friends are having sex (even if this isn’t true) and feel pressured to fit in. Girls with older partners are sometimes persuaded to have sex at an early age, and teens (both boys and girls) are more likely to have sex if they are involved in a long-term relationship. Teens may feel a need to mature and see sex as a way to become a grown up. (Think of it as a rite-of-passage). And it must be remembered that not all initial sexual experiences are voluntary.
The consequences of early sexual activity are plentiful. Teens who engage in sex have a higher risk of suicide, drug and alcohol use, low self-esteem, school truancy, and pregnancy. Teen pregnancies often end in abortions or miscarriages. For those pregnancies brought to term, there are more health risks for both the baby and the teen mother. Other health risks to teenagers engaging in sex include HIV, Human papillomavirus, and other sexual transmitted infections.
Though the causes of teenage sexual intercourse are plentiful, and the effects are scary to think of, there are also many ways to help prevent teenagers from engaging in sex before they are ready. Often, a supportive family with healthy communication can lead teens away from risky behavior. Candid conversations about the consequences of sex are beneficial and education in general, both at home and at school, can keep teens from sexual intercourse. Interventions programs for at-risk teens are also known to be beneficial.
Both teenagers and parents need to become aware of the causes, effects, and preventative strategies of teen sexual intercourse. Young sex can be risky behavior, as someone under the age of twenty is less financially and emotionally ready to handle the consequences of sex than someone older. The impact of teenage intercourse can affect families for many years.

Essay on My Mother (200 words)

'My mother' is the most important person in my life. She does everything for me. She is very adorable and caring. My mother is a housewife. She is one of the people I respect and love the most. For me, my mother is the best mother in the world.

My mother is a kind-hearted woman. She takes time for me from her busy schedule. She helps me in studies and even plays with me. My mother teaches me more than any one else. She struggles a lot but never loses her patience and always makes a faith in herself. She not only inspired me the strength to overcome hardships in my life, but also provided me with valuable lessons of life.

My mother always shown me the right path for me. She is a diligent and determined woman. She always helps me in need. She loves me very much and supports me in everything I do or think to do. The most important thing is that she has helped me and I know that she will also do it further because she loves and bothers me a lot as compared to anyone. My mother gave me a lesson to appreciate this life as precious gift of ordinary life and enjoy it with happiness as she is the only one who brought me to this beautiful world. 

Most Important Person in my Life

The most important person in my life is my mother. She does everything for me. She is very adorable and caring. My mother is a housewife. She is one of the people I respect and love the most. For me, my mother is the best mother in the world.

My mother is a kind-hearted woman. She takes time for me from her busy schedule. She helps me in studies and even plays with me. My mother teaches me more than any one else. She struggles a lot but never loses her patience and always makes a faith in herself. She not only inspired me the strength to overcome hardships in my life, but also provided me with valuable lessons of life.

My mother always shown me the right path for me. She is a diligent and determined woman. She always helps me in need. She loves me very much and supports me in everything I do or think to do. The most important thing is that she has helped me and I know that she will also do it further because she loves and bothers me a lot as compared to anyone. She gave me a lesson to appreciate this life as precious gift of ordinary life and enjoy it with happiness as she is the only one who brought me to this beautiful world.

! THANK U MOM! 

Essay on National Youth Day

'National Youth Day' is celebrated in India on 12th January every year. This day marks the birth day of great Indian philosopher, Swami Vivekananda. Indian Government declared January 12th as the National Youth Day in 1984 and since 1985 the event is celebrated in India every year.

Swami Vivekananda was born on 12 January 1863 in Calcutta. His original name was Narendra Nath Datta. His father, Vishwanath Datta, was an attorney at the Calcutta High Court. His mother, Bhuvaneswari Devi, was a devout housewife. The teachings of Swami Vivekanand are the biggest philosophical asset of the country.

The motto of declaring youth day on the birth date of this philosophical guru was motivating and inculcating these pious ideals to the coming generations. As per the quote from the Government of India’s Communication, “it was felt that the philosophy of Swami ji and the ideals for which he lived and worked could be a great source of inspiration for the Indian Youth”.

National Youth Day is observed with great devotion towards Swami Vivekananda at headquarters of Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission as well as their branch centers. At various places mangal arti, homa, meditation, devotional songs, religious discourses and sandhya arti are held on this day. The National Youth Day is also observed in almost all educational institutes of the country with great enthusiasm.

Habbits of Idleness

'Habits of idleness' once firmly fixed cannot be suddenly thrown off. The man who has wasted the precious hours of life’s seed-time finds that he cannot reap a harvest in life’s autumn. Lost wealth may be replaced by industry, lost knowledge by study, lost health by temperance or medicine; but lost time is gone forever.

In the long list of excuses for the neglect of duty there is none which drops more often from men’s lips or which is bounded on more of self-delusion, than the want of leisure. People are always cheating themselves with the idea that they would do this or that desirable thing ‘if only they had time.’ It is thus that the lazy and the selfish excuse themselves from a thousand things which conscience dictates to be done. Remember that the men who have done the most for their own and the general good are not the wealthy, leisurely people, who have abundance of time to themselves and nothing to do.

Essay on Pratibha Patil (200 words)

Full name of 'Pratibha Patil' is Pratibha Devisingh Patil. Pratibha Patil was born on 19 December 1934 in the village of Nadgaon, in the Jalgaon district of Maharashtra. Her father's name is Narayan Rao Patil. She was married to Devisingh Ransingh Shekhawat on 7 July 1965.

Pratibha Patil was educated initially Jalgaon. Subsequently she was awarded a Masters degree in Political Science and Economics by Mooljee Jetha College, Jalgaon, and then a Bachelor of Law degree by Government Law College, Mumbai.

At the age of 27, Pratibha Patil was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly for the Jalgaon constituency. She became Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha between 1985 and 1990. In the 1991 elections for the 10th Lok Sabha, she was elected as a Member of Parliament representing the Amravati constituency. Pratibha Patil had held various Cabinet portfolios during her period in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly and she had also held official positions while in both the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. On 8 November 2004 she was appointed as the 24th Governor of Rajasthan. After this, she became the 12th President of India and resumed office from 25 July 2007 to 25 July 2012.

Pratibha Patil was the first woman of India to hold the office of President. She will always be remembered as an Indian politician who served as the 12th President of India. 

List of Chief Justice of India

  • H. J. Kania (26 January 1950- 6 November 1951)
  • M. Patanjali Sastri (7 November 1951- 3 January 1954)
  • Mehr Chand Mahajan (4 January- 1954 22 December 1954)
  • Bijan Kumar Mukherjea (23 December- 1954 31 January 1956)
  • Sudhi Ranjan Das (1 February 1956- 30 September 1959)
  • Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha (1 October 1959- 31 January 1964)
  • P. B. Gajendragadkar (1 February 1964- 15 March 1966)
  • Amal Kumar Sarkar (16 March 1966- 29 June 1966)
  • Koka Subba Rao (30 June 1966- 11 April 1967)
  • Kailas Nath Wanchoo (12 April 1967- 24 February 1968)
  • Mohammad Hidayatullah (25 February 1968- 16 December 1970)
  • Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah (17 December 1970- 21 January 1971)
  • Sarv Mittra Sikri (22 Jan 1971- 25 April 1973)
  • Ajit Nath Ray (26 April 1973- 27 January 1977)
  • H. J. Kania (28 January 1977- 21 February 1978)
  • Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud (22 February 1978- 11 July 1985)
  • Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati (12 July 1985- 20 December 1986)
  • Raghunandan Swarup Pathak (21 December 1986- 18 June 1989)
  • Engalaguppe Seetharamiah Venkataramiah (19 June 1989- 17 December 1989)
  • Sabyasachi Mukharji (18 December 1989- 25 September 1990)
  • Ranganath Misra (26 September 1990- 24 November 1991)
  • Kamal Narain Singh (25 November 1991- 12 December 1991)
  • Madhukar Hiralal Kania (13 December 1991- 17 November 1992)
  • Lalit Mohan Sharma (18 November 1992- 11 February 1993)
  • Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah (12 February 1993- 24 October 1994)
  • Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi (25 October 1994- 24 March 1997)
  • Jagdish Sharan Verma (25 March 1997- 17 January 1998)
  • Madan Mohan Punchhi (18 January 1998- 9 October 1998)
  • Adarsh Sein Anand (10 October 1998- 11 January 2001)
  • Sam Piroj Bharucha (11 January 2001- 6 May 2002)
  • Bhupinder Nath Kirpal (6 May 2002- 8 November 2002)
  • Gopal Ballav Pattanaik (8 November 2002- 19 December 2002)
  • V. N. Khare (19 Dec 2002- 2 May 2004)
  • S. Rajendra Babu (2 May 2004- 1 June 2004)
  • Ramesh Chandra Lahoti (1 June 2004- 1 November 2005)
  • Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal (1 November 2005- 13 January 2007)
  • K. G. Balakrishnan (13 January 2007- 11 May 2010)
  • S. H. Kapadia (12 May 2010- 28 Sep 2012)
  • Altamas Kabir (29 September 2012- 18 July 2013)
  • P. Sathasivam (19 July 2013- 26 April 2014)
  • Rajendra Mal Lodha (27 April 2014- 27 September 2014)
  • H. L. Dattu (28 September 2014- 2 December 2015) 
  • T. S. Thakur (3 December 2015- Incumbent)

Leader I like the Best

As a leader I like Mahatma Gandhi best. He is my favourite leader. Full name of Mahatma Gandhi was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. He was born in Porebandar of Gujarat, India on 2 October 1869. After passing the Matric Examination he went to England for higher studies. Gandhiji completed his law in England and came back to India in 1893. He started his career as a lawyer.

Social Life of Gandhiji was started in South Africa. In South Africa he faced many hurdles. He discovered that the white men were ill treating the dark Indians there. He himself was tortured and insulted by the white often. One day, he was traveling in a first class compartment a train. He had booked a ticket for him. Still he was evented and punished out of the compartment by the white men. Gandhiji fought against this unjust and cruel treatment. He observed Satyagraha there and became successful.

Gandhiji returned to India and took part in freedom fight. He was sent to jail many times. Now all the countrymen were with him. He started the Non-co-operation in 1930 and the Quit India Movement in 1942. He became famous as the 'Father of Nation' Lastly India wins freedom on 15th August 1947.

Gandhi's style of living was very simple. He was follower of 'Simple living, high thinking'. He taught us the lesson of 'Ahimsa'. He removed the caste barrier in India. He was a reformer. He was shot dead by an Indian on his way to attend a prayer on 30 January, 1948. Mahatma Gandhi is remembered in the world for his major virtues. The Indians pay homage to this great leader on his birthday by celebrating 'Gandhi Jayanti' as a national festival of India. I consider Mahatma Gandhi as the greatest leader of India.

Essay on Lal Bahdur Shastri (200 words)

'Lal Bahadur Shastri' was born on 2nd October, 1904 at Mughal Sarai, Uttar Pradesh, India. His father's name was Sharda Prasad, who was a school teacher and later became a clerk in the Revenue Office at Allahabad. His mother's name was Ramdulari Devi. He was hardly an year old when he lost his father. After the death of his father, his mother took him and his two sisters to her parent's house.

Lal Bahadur Shastri was educated at Mughalsarai and Varanasi. He graduated with a first-class degree from the Kashi Vidyapeeth. He was given the title 'Shastri'. He offered Satyagraha and was sentenced to imprisonment at different times. He joined the Indian independence movement in the 1921. He was deeply impressed and influenced by Mahatma Gandhi. Lastly, India became independent on 15th August, 1947. He became the second Prime Minister of India after Jawahar Lal Nehru.

Lal Bahadur Shastri showed rare quality of courage and determination during India-Pakistan war. He gave a slogan 'Jai Jawan Jai Kissan'. He was the first person to be posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, A memorial 'Vijay Ghat' was built for him in Delhi. Shastri was known for his honesty and humility throughout his life. He died on 11th Jan, 1966 at Tashkent, USSR. Lal Bahadur Shastri was truly a great man who gave less importance to himself.

Essay on Indira Gandhi (200 words)

'Indira Gandhi' was born on 19th November, 1917 in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Her full name was 'Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi'. She was the only child of Jawaharlal Nehru and Kamla Nehru. Her father, Jawaharlal Nehru led India's political struggle for independence from British rule, and became the first Prime Minister of India.

Indira Gandhi was mostly taught at home. She also studied at 'Vishwa Bharti' in Shantiniketan. She took active part in the freedom struggle of India. She became the President of the Congress party. In May 1964, Indira Gandhi became minister of information and broadcasting in Lal Bahadur Shastri's government.

Indira Gandhi became the third Prime Minister of India. She became Prime Minister after the death of Sri Lai Bahadur Shastri. She served from 1966 to 1977. She was married to Sri Feroz Gandhi and had two sons- Rajiv and Sanjay.She was assassinated on 31st October, 1984.

Indira Gandhi was the first lady Prime Minister of India. During her Prime Minister ship, India won the war against Pakistan in 1971. In 1962, during the Chinese-Indian border war, she coordinated civil defense activities. She was a great social worker and had introduced several schemes for the country. Indira Gandhi was a true patriot and will always be remembered as a bold Prime Minister of India. 


India - Land of Spices

Spices have been used since ancient times. They have been mentioned in the ancient Hindu scriptures for example Vedas, ancient Egyptian papyruses and the Old Testament. Although it was not until the Roman conquests that western countries discovered their culinary possibilities. Spices have always been believed to have healing and magical qualities. They have been used to cast spells, as incense in religious rites, to embalm corpses, to add fragrance to perfumes and as medicines. The word Spice comes from Latin 'Species', meaning a commodity of value and distinction. During their long and fascinating history, spices have often been more valuable than gold or precious stones and the trade of Spices has been an extraordinarily influential factor in history.

Many researchers have attempted to explain why hot Spices are pleasant to taste. It seems the burning sensation is the pain of nerve endings on the tongue. This releases endorphins, the body's natural painkiller, giving rise to pleasurable and even euphoric sensations.

Flowers, leaves, roots, bark, seeds and bulbs (the simplest of natural ingredients) are used in endless combinations to produce an infinite variety of flavours: sweet, sharp, hot, sour, spicy, aromatic, tart, mild, fragrant and pungent. Their tastes and aromas combine to create a kaleidoscope of exotic flavours to delight the palate. It is best to obtain spices in whole seed form and to grind them just prior to use.

Indian spices offer significant health benefits and contribute towards an individual's healthy life. They add flavour and nutrients to dishes without fat or calories!

Essay on Guru Gobing Singh Ji (200 words)

'Guru Gobind Singh', the tenth Guru, was born at Patna Sahib in Bihar, India on December 22, 1666. He is the last of the Tenth Gurus of Sikhism. He was the son of Guru Tegh Bahadur, who gave his life to protect religious freedom.

Guru Gobind Singh Ji was nominated as the Guru by the ninth Guru of Sikhs, Guru Tegh Bahadur who was also his father. After Guru Tegh Bahadur's death, Guru Gobind Singh became Guru on November 11, 1675. He lost his father, mother, and all four of his sons to a religious war, being waged by the Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb was keen to see Islamization of Hindus an Sikhs. Guru Gobind Singh established the 'Khalsa', a military force of saint-soldiers which he baptized. Guru Gobind Singh is highly regarded by the Sikhs his monumental role in the development of the Sikh faith. He was a learned man. He compiled a number of books and poetry collections in his life. Before his death in 1708, he declared the Guru Granth Sahib, which is Sikhism’s Holy Scripture to be the permanent Sikh Guru.

Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti is celebrated by the Sikhs as the birthday of their tenth and last guru Guru Gobind Singh. It is a religious celebration in which prayers for prosperity are offered. This day witnesses large processions and special prayer gatherings at all Gurudwaras.

Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti (200 words)

'Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti' is a famous festival of Sikhs. It is celebrated as the birthday of tenth and the last Guru of Sikhs Gobind Singh ji. Guru Gobind Singh was born at Patna, Bihar, India, on December 22, 1666. Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti generally falls in December or January or sometimes twice within a year as it is calculated according to Hindu Bikrami Calendar, which is based on the lunar calendar.

Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth and last guru of Sikhs after his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur. Guru Gobind Singh gained great stature as both Saint and soldier a leader of firm spiritual principles and intense devotion to God. He was inspired to write many powerful spiritual compositions that infused a martial spirit in the people.

This day witnesses large processions and special prayer gatherings at all Gurudwaras. It is a religious celebration in which prayers for prosperity are offered. People sing devotional songs during the procession and share sweets and cold drink or sharbat among the adults and children. Special dishes that are unique to this occasion are prepared and served during the festivities.

Essay on Christmas Tree

Christmas is a holy festival of Christians. Every year on December 25, Christmas is celebrated as the birthday of Lord Jesus Christ. All the Christians celebrate this festival with great devotion and loyalty. One of the major attractions of Christmas festival is 'Christmas Tree'.

On the occasion of Christmas, the Christmas Tree has special significance. A Christmas Tree is a decorated tree, usually an evergreen conifer such as spruce, pine or fir, traditionally associated with the celebration of Christmas. Decoration of Christmas Tree is one of the most important preparations before December 25th. Adults, Kids, Veterans all are involved in the decoration of the Christmas Tree. Candles, toffees and a great variety of cakes are tied with ribbon and paper napkins to the tree.

Christmas Tree in ancient times was considered a symbol of the continuity of life. It is believed that evil spirits away from the house and keep the flow of positive energy. There are many size of Christmas Tree available in the market. Some are cheap and some very expensive too. Christmas tree is one of the most popular traditions associated with the celebration of Christmas. It is a symbol of the promise of life to come after months of cold winter.

Freedom of Thought

The most important thing is that we should have “freedom of thought.” This is not as easy as it sounds, for everyone likes to have this freedom for himself, but is not ready to give it to others when they express different opinions.

This is particularly the case when the differences of opinion arise on such important matters as religion or politics’. But if we refuse to let other people hold their opinions on these matters, and specially if we try to force them to accept our own, progress is impossible. If everyone went on thinking the same things as his ancestors thought, progress would come to an end because, as the Buddha said. “What a man thinks he becomes”.

So if we think exactly what our forefathers thought, we shall remain in the Condition in which they were. Our thought depends a great deal upon what we read and what we talk about. Therefore, if we want to think new thoughts,we must try to study all sides of the topic that comes before us, and not be content only with what we read in newspapers or what others say.

Essay on childhood (200 words)

'Childhood' is the age spam ranging from birth to adolescence. It is a kingdom where nobody dies, just as a rose gets its colour and fragrance from its roots, man gets his virtues from his chilhood. According to the International Labour Organization there are tremendous economic benefits if children are sent to school. Without education, children do not gain the necessary skills and understanding.

From early childhood, children are forced to work. Child labour is highly prevalent in the leather, fireworks, silk, diamond industry, brick kilns and as domestic help. Low paid child labourers lower India's per capita income and hazardous working conditions lowers India's welfare level too. Further high illiteracy rate puts long term economic growth at risk. To keep the economy prospering, a vital criteria is to have an educated work force equipped with relevant skills. Additionally the lack of female education can be an impediment to the countries social and economic development.

The problem of child labour continues to pose a challenge before the nation. The government has been taking several pro-active measures to tackle this problem. Considering the magnitude and extent of this problem, we see it inextricably linked to poverty and illiteracy. Thus, it requires a concerted effort from all sections of the society to make a dent in the problem. When you educate a boy, you educate an individual, when you educate a girl you educate a generation. Join hand and bring a smile of freedom, and peace on the face of every child. Save Childhood Save Future.

Benefits of Life Insurance

  • Life Insurance allows long-term savings since payments can be made effortlessly because of the 'easy instalment' facility built into the scheme.
  • The Salary Saving Scheme (SSS) is ideal for any institution or establishment subject to specified terms and conditions.
  • Life Insurance is the best way to enjoy tax deductions on income tax and wealth tax.
  • Tax rebate is available for amounts paid by way of premium for life insurance subject to income tax rates in force. Assessees can also avail of provisions in the law for tax relief.
  • In case of insurance, it is easy to acquire loans on the sole security of any policy that has acquired loan value.
  • A life insurance policy is also generally accepted as security, even for a commercial loan.
  • Life insurance encourages 'thrift'.
  • Savings through life insurance guarantee full protection against risk of death of the saver.
  • In case of demise, life insurance assures payment of the entire amount assured (with bonuses wherever applicable).
  • A policy that has a suitable insurance plan or a combination of different plans can be effectively used to meet certain monetary needs that may arise from time-to-time.
  • Children's education, start-in-life or marriage provision or even periodical needs for cash over a stretch of time can be less stressful with the help of these policies.
  • Policy money can be made available at the time of one's retirement from service and used for any specific purpose, such as, purchase of a house or for other investments.
  • Loans are granted to policyholders for house building or for purchase of flats (subject to certain conditions).

Visit to Sanchi Stupa (200 words)

A visit to a historical place is always an exciting experience. It is a fascinating adventure. I had one such experience during the last summer vacations, when I visited Bhopal.

With my family, I reached Bhopal by train. After some rest, we undertook a visit to Bhopal. Bhopal is a historical city. We visited the Sanchi Stupa first. The 'Sanchi Stupa' is located about 46 km away from Bhopal in a small place called Sanchi. Sanchi is a small village in Raisen District of the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is a religious place with historical and archaeological significance.

It is the location of several Buddhist monuments. The place is famous for the Stupas (brick mounds) which were built on the top of a hill. The Great Stupa at Sanchi is the oldest stone structure in India. It was originally commissioned by the emperor Ashoka the Great. It has four profusely carved ornamental gateways and a balustrade encircling the whole structure.

By noon, we had completed the tour of Sanchi Stupa and returned back. I enjoyed my trip to the Sanchi Stupa very much. It was really an unforgettable experience which apart from being intellectually rewarding gave us a glimpse of our country's proud history.